Adjust Font Size: Normal Large X-Large

University of Minnesota Twin Cities Campus

Course Catalog by Subject

TwoStop Home


Select a Subject to display

Subject:


Writing Studies (WRIT) Courses

Academic Unit: Writing Studies Department

WRIT 1001 - The Art of Explaining Things: Introduction to Technical Writing and Communication
(3 cr; A-F only; offered Every Fall & Spring)
Equivalent courses: was WRIT 3001 until 08-SEP-20, was RHET 1001 until 21-MAY-07
This course introduces students to the field of technical writing and communication. What do technical communicators do? They explain things!? Technical communicators are often tasked with explaining complex ideas to specific audiences through various means.? Students will explore the history and current and future trends of the field through a variety of readings including journal articles and industry publications. Topics in the course include ethics, global communication, collaboration, usability, digital writing technologies, and content management, as well as the rhetorical principles of audience, purpose, and context. Students will gain exposure to current practices in the field through guest speakers and assignments. Other assignments include oral presentations, analytical and research writing, and writing for the web. The format of the class includes lecture, student-led discussions, group activities, and peer review.
WRIT 1201 - Writing Studio (conference/workshop)
(4 cr; A-F only; offered Every Fall, Spring & Summer)
Equivalent courses: PSTL 1421 (inactive, ending 02-SEP-08, starting 03-SEP-02, was GC 1421 until 05-SEP-06)
Note: this course does not fulfill the first-year writing requirement. WRIT 1201: This course gives students a foundation in the study and practice of writing process and rhetorical frameworks for a variety of genres and skills to enhance writing in and beyond college. This course is for students who want more instruction, practice, and time to develop familiarity with writing tools and processes to support their future college writing and successful completion of WRIT 1301 (fulfillment of FYW requirement).
WRIT 1301 - University Writing
(4 cr; A-F only; offered Every Fall, Spring & Summer)
Equivalent courses: ENGC 1012H (inactive, ending 06-SEP-05, starting 21-MAY-01, was ENGC 1812 until 05-SEP-00), ENGC 1011H (inactive, ending 06-SEP-05, was ENGC 1811 until 05-SEP-00), ENGC 1016 (inactive, ending 21-MAY-07), PSTL 1424 (inactive, ending 05-SEP-06, starting 22-JAN-02, was GC 1424 until 05-SEP-06), ENGC 1014H (inactive, ending 03-SEP-02, starting 21-MAY-01, was ENGC 1814 until 05-SEP-00), WRIT 1301H, ENGC 1014 (inactive, ending 21-MAY-07, starting 21-MAY-01), WRIT 3101W (ending 21-MAY-07, starting 16-JAN-01, was WRIT 3101 until 19-JAN-10, was WRIT 1101 until 08-SEP-09, was RHET 1101 until 21-MAY-07), ENGC 1012 (inactive, ending 21-MAY-07, starting 21-MAY-01), ENGC 1013 (inactive, ending 21-MAY-07, starting 21-MAY-01), ENGC 1013H (inactive, ending 06-SEP-05, starting 21-MAY-01, was ENGC 1813 until 05-SEP-00), PSTL 1423 (inactive, ending 02-SEP-08, starting 22-JAN-02, was GC 1423 until 05-SEP-06), ENGC 1015 (inactive, ending 21-MAY-07, starting 21-MAY-01), WRIT 1011 (inactive, ending 06-SEP-05, was ENGC 1011 until 21-MAY-07), WRIT 1401 (starting 21-MAY-07), PSTL 1422 (inactive, ending 02-SEP-08, starting 05-SEP-00, was GC 1422 until 05-SEP-06)
WRIT 1301 introduces students to rhetorical principles that provide a framework for successful written communication in college and beyond. Students study and write in a variety of genres and disciplines and in multimodal forms. The courses focus on writing as a way of knowing and learning to develop ideas through critical thinking, including analysis and synthesis. Based on the assumption that writing is a social activity, the course is a workshop format and requires active engagement in the writing process, including pre-writing, peer review, revision, and editing. Students develop information literacy and hone the ability to locate, evaluate, and effectively and ethically incorporate information into their own texts. The blended model combines two credit hours/week of small face-to-face class with two credit hours of online instruction in Canvas. Some sections are dedicated for international and multilingual students. WRIT 1301 fulfills the first-year writing requirement.
WRIT 1301H - Honors: University Writing
(4 cr; A-F only; offered Every Fall & Spring)
Equivalent courses: ENGC 1012H (inactive, ending 06-SEP-05, starting 21-MAY-01, was ENGC 1812 until 05-SEP-00), ENGC 1011H (inactive, ending 06-SEP-05, was ENGC 1811 until 05-SEP-00), ENGC 1016 (inactive, ending 21-MAY-07), PSTL 1424 (inactive, ending 05-SEP-06, starting 22-JAN-02, was GC 1424 until 05-SEP-06), ENGC 1014H (inactive, ending 03-SEP-02, starting 21-MAY-01, was ENGC 1814 until 05-SEP-00), WRIT 1301, ENGC 1014 (inactive, ending 21-MAY-07, starting 21-MAY-01), WRIT 3101W (ending 21-MAY-07, starting 16-JAN-01, was WRIT 3101 until 19-JAN-10, was WRIT 1101 until 08-SEP-09, was RHET 1101 until 21-MAY-07), ENGC 1012 (inactive, ending 21-MAY-07, starting 21-MAY-01), ENGC 1013 (inactive, ending 21-MAY-07, starting 21-MAY-01), ENGC 1013H (inactive, ending 06-SEP-05, starting 21-MAY-01, was ENGC 1813 until 05-SEP-00), PSTL 1423 (inactive, ending 02-SEP-08, starting 22-JAN-02, was GC 1423 until 05-SEP-06), ENGC 1015 (inactive, ending 21-MAY-07, starting 21-MAY-01), WRIT 1011 (inactive, ending 06-SEP-05, was ENGC 1011 until 21-MAY-07), WRIT 1401 (starting 21-MAY-07), PSTL 1422 (inactive, ending 02-SEP-08, starting 05-SEP-00, was GC 1422 until 05-SEP-06)
WRIT 1301 introduces students to rhetorical principles that provide a framework for successful written communication in college and beyond. Students study and write in a variety of genres and in multimodal forms. The courses focus on writing as a way of knowing and learning to develop ideas through critical thinking, including analysis and synthesis. Based on the assumption that writing is a social activity, the course is a workshop format and requires active engagement in the writing process, including pre-writing, peer review, revision, and editing. Students develop information literacy and hone the ability to locate, evaluate, and effectively and ethically incorporate information into their own texts. In the honors section of WRIT 1301, students will meet the same course outcomes with a deepened focus on and attention to writing processes and rhetorical strategies that are attuned to students, academic, scholarly, and professional goals. As part of this honors experience, students will produce a research proposal relevant and responsive to their intended field of study. The writing and research processes that students engage in to compose the proposal will be navigated, facilitated, and guided by frequent interactions with and feedback from peers and the instructor, and by regularly embedded metacognitive practice. The course will emphasize student-driven topic selection and inquiry development, peer-to-peer interactions, and metacognition so as to support a deep experience with and development of capacity in collaboration and in the iterative writing and research processes.
WRIT 1381W - Rhetorical Fictions and 20th Century Conflicts: West Africa, Vietnam, and the Middle East [LIT WI IP]
(4 cr; Student Option; offered Every Fall & Spring)
Equivalent courses: was COMM 3681W until 17-MAY-21, was COMM 1681W until 21-MAY-12, was RHET 1381W until 21-MAY-07, was RHET 1381 until 05-SEP-00
Analysis of selected 20th-century documentary novels. Nature of artistic truth in relation to historical truth. Cross-cultural comparisons of responses to impact of Anglo-American policies.
WRIT 1401 - University Writing - Community Engaged Learning
(4 cr; A-F only; offered Every Fall & Summer)
Equivalent courses: ENGC 1012H (inactive, ending 06-SEP-05, starting 21-MAY-01, was ENGC 1812 until 05-SEP-00), ENGC 1011H (inactive, ending 06-SEP-05, was ENGC 1811 until 05-SEP-00), ENGC 1016 (inactive, ending 21-MAY-07), PSTL 1424 (inactive, ending 05-SEP-06, starting 22-JAN-02, was GC 1424 until 05-SEP-06), ENGC 1014H (inactive, ending 03-SEP-02, starting 21-MAY-01, was ENGC 1814 until 05-SEP-00), WRIT 1301H, WRIT 1301, ENGC 1014 (inactive, ending 21-MAY-07, starting 21-MAY-01), WRIT 3101W (ending 21-MAY-07, starting 16-JAN-01, was WRIT 3101 until 19-JAN-10, was WRIT 1101 until 08-SEP-09, was RHET 1101 until 21-MAY-07), ENGC 1012 (inactive, ending 21-MAY-07, starting 21-MAY-01), ENGC 1013 (inactive, ending 21-MAY-07, starting 21-MAY-01), ENGC 1013H (inactive, ending 06-SEP-05, starting 21-MAY-01, was ENGC 1813 until 05-SEP-00), PSTL 1423 (inactive, ending 02-SEP-08, starting 22-JAN-02, was GC 1423 until 05-SEP-06), ENGC 1015 (inactive, ending 21-MAY-07, starting 21-MAY-01), WRIT 1011 (inactive, ending 06-SEP-05, was ENGC 1011 until 21-MAY-07), PSTL 1422 (inactive, ending 02-SEP-08, starting 05-SEP-00, was GC 1422 until 05-SEP-06)
Students in WRIT 1401 work with a local community organization as they explore writing processes and practices and rhetorical principles that provide a framework for successful written communication in college and beyond. Students analyze how writing works in varying contexts/genres and how it presents complex arguments with an emphasis on exploring ways that writing works to support change in communities and to promote social justice. Students use and expand their writing process and revision to develop writing form/style and rhetorical content that contributes to conversations and provides new insight. Students develop information literacy and hone the ability to locate, evaluate, and effectively and ethically incorporate information into their own texts. The blended course modality combines two credit hours/week of small face-to-face class with two credit hours of online instruction in Canvas, in addition to weekly homework assignments. An additional 2 lab hours/week provide a common time and place reserved for work on and with our community partners. These are considered homework hours. WRIT 1401 fulfills the first-year writing requirement.
WRIT 1925W - Magazines and New Media [WI]
(3 cr; A-F only; offered Every Fall)
In this seminar, we will study magazines and other smaller publications?some of which you've already read, some of which you haven't?to discuss and write about their significance as cultural artifacts. How can magazines, when seen as "composed" objects, help us with our own writing? How is the rise of the zine and e-zine responding to the evolving digital age? We will examine all aspects of the magazine, including its art, political statements, target audience, and history. Students will practice some of the forms that the class reads and create an e-magazine.
WRIT 3029W - Business and Professional Writing [WI] (conference/workshop, Primarily Online)
(3 cr; Student Option; offered Every Fall, Spring & Summer)
Equivalent courses: ENGL 3029W (inactive)
In this course students practice writing and revising common business documents for today?s business world. Students write memos, proposals, cover letters, resumes, and digital and web content as well as practice choice of appropriate formats and media. The course draws from current business practices and stresses workplace collaboration, broader issues of professional literacy, and responsive writing styles. Students practice rhetorical analysis and discuss concepts such as audience, purpose, tone, and context when writing and revising their documents. Students analyze and write from a variety of perspectives and contexts including formal (researched reports, proposals) and informal (email, social media) communication. Students also build a professional online presence through such platforms as LinkedIn.
WRIT 3101W - Writing Arguments [WI]
(3 cr; A-F or Audit; offered Every Fall & Spring)
Equivalent courses: was WRIT 3101 until 19-JAN-10, was WRIT 1101 until 08-SEP-09, was RHET 1101 until 21-MAY-07
Students learn about argument, drawn from a number of theories of argument. This goal is pragmatic: those theories provide a vocabulary for talking about argument and for developing and refining students' own written arguments. Students get regular practice, coaching, and feedback on their writing skills, primarily as these concern argumentative writing. Students also learn how to analyze argumentative texts, drawn from popular culture, academic fields, and the public realm.
WRIT 3102W - Public Writing [WI CIV]
(3 cr; A-F only; offered Every Fall & Spring)
Students in this class examine public documents and apply critical/rhetorical analysis regarding audience, purpose, message, power, and context. Students conduct research and write documents for public audiences on contemporary issues of interest.
WRIT 3152W - Writing on Issues of Science and Technology [WI]
(3 cr; A-F or Audit; offered Every Fall & Spring)
Equivalent courses: was WRIT 1152W until 08-SEP-09, was RHET 1152W until 21-MAY-07, was RHET 1152 until 05-SEP-00
Science and technology are key parts of nearly every aspect of our lives, and, just as important, science and technology are highly debated topics in political, economic, social, public, and personal spheres. For example, consider debates regarding genetically modified foods, space exploration, vaccines, oil pipelines, or clean drinking water. This course will push you to consider the ways you think, feel, and write about science and technology. This course will ask you to examine the relationship between language and science and technology. We will spend the semester reading about science and technology, in addition to studying and practicing different strategies, techniques, and approaches for communicating about science and technology. Using rhetorical studies as a foundation, this course will give you the tools to more effectively engage with scientific and technological topics and debates. Finally, and perhaps most importantly, this course aims to foster engagement with scientific and technological conversations. Put simply, students should leave this course caring about scientific and technological issues and wanting to participate in the conversations that surround such issues.
WRIT 3221W - Communication Modes and Methods [WI]
(3 cr; A-F only; offered Every Fall & Spring)
Equivalent courses: was RHET 3221W until 21-MAY-07, was RHET 3221 until 05-SEP-00
This course presents a survey of fundamental theories and philosophies of communication. Students will become acquainted with several theories of language and linguistic meaning and with principles of non-verbal and relational communication, and will engage in reflection on differences between older and newer media or ?modes? of discourse (speaking vs. writing; conventional print vs. digital text, etc.). In addition to introducing theories and concepts, the course seeks to develop competencies in evaluating and applying them in the analysis of communication in various contexts including face-to-face conversations, ongoing interpersonal relationships, and digitally-mediated interactions.
WRIT 3244W - Critical Literacies: How Words Change the World [AH WI DSJ]
(3 cr; A-F or Audit; offered Every Spring)
Equivalent courses: was WRIT 3244 until 07-SEP-10
This course is focused on understanding and using the insights into language and writing that animate Critical Literacy movements in the United States. Literacy is usually thought of in terms of fundamental abilities to read and write about a reality outside of language. Critical Literacy is an intellectual and social movement that challenges this dominant understanding of literacy. Critical Literacy?s fundamental claim is that texts (and our practices for working with them) invite readers (and writers) to accept particular versions of reality as the Real Truth. Through historical and contemporary models, students will learn how efforts to question and transform dominant ways of using language have played an especially important role in struggles for greater justice by and for oppressed groups. Here, people have used the ideas and methods of Critical Literacy to question how racial, gender, social class, and other privileges structure our language practices and our daily experiences. Students will be invited to apply a critical understanding of literacy to their own writing as they analyze course texts and produce original essays on topics of interest to them.
WRIT 3270 - Special Topics (Topics course)
(1 cr [max 3]; Student Option; offered Periodic Fall & Spring; may be repeated for 6 credits; may be repeated 2 times)
Equivalent courses: was RHET 3270 until 21-MAY-07
See Class Schedule.
WRIT 3315 - Writing on Issues of Land and the Environment [AH DSJ]
(3 cr; A-F or Audit; offered Every Spring)
Equivalent courses: was WRIT 1315 until 08-SEP-09, was RHET 1315 until 21-MAY-07
This course explores how written texts help shape understandings of the land in the U.S. Students read and analyze historical texts that have contributed to colonialist understandings of nature and the land. Students will study how the rhetorical strategies of such texts helped to form exploitive relations with the land and enact violence against indigenous peoples. Historical and current texts written by native peoples provide a counter-narrative to the myth of progress. Emphasis in the course is placed on analyzing texts with an eye toward setting the ground for conversations aimed at achieving sustainability and justice. Students will also study how written texts are composed within material contexts that contribute to their understanding.
WRIT 3371W - Technology, Self, and Society [WI TS]
(3 cr; A-F only; offered Every Fall)
Equivalent courses: was WRIT 3371 until 22-JAN-13, was RHET 3371 until 21-MAY-07
Cultural history of American technology. Social values that technology represents in shifts from handicraft to mass production/consumption, in modern transportation, communication, bioengineering. Ethical issues in power, work, identity, our relation to nature.
WRIT 3376W - Terrorism [WI IP C/PE]
(3 cr; Student Option; offered Every Fall)
Equivalent courses: was COMM 3676W until 17-MAY-21, was RHET 3376W until 21-MAY-07, was RHET 3376 until 18-JAN-05
Terrorism is not only an ethical but an international problem. Different cultures have meant different historical trajectories for terrorism. To illustrate this, the course contrasts Algerian, Irish, and Arab terrorism.
WRIT 3381W - Writing and Modern Cultural Movements [AH WI]
(3 cr; A-F or Audit; offered Every Fall)
Equivalent courses: was WRIT 3381 until 07-SEP-10, was RHET 3381 until 21-MAY-07
This course explores how written texts help to shape modern art and cultural movements. Writ 3381 first develops an understanding of the manifesto form by reading primary examples written by artists from such movements as Cubism and Expressionism. Students study the complex written and visual strategies of those texts and how they contributed to social and political change in the modern world. Out of those attempts to change culture, students will be challenged to consider how particular writing strategies developed in the U.S. aimed at bringing about change in 1960s culture in areas such as the women's movement, the move toward racial equality, and the environmental movement. Toward the end of the course, the writings of current movements are taken up as building on and departing from past writing and rhetorical strategies. Students both read about and practice writing strategies studied in the course.
WRIT 3382W - War [WI OH C/PE]
(3 cr; Student Option; offered Every Spring)
Equivalent courses: was COMM 3682W until 17-MAY-21, was RHET 3382W until 21-MAY-07, was RHET 3382 until 18-JAN-05
Claim: If ethics (right/wrong) exist in war, then right/wrong exist everywhere. Students experience this claim through its expression in various arts/humanities media of history, memoir, philosophical meditation, and film.
WRIT 3405W - Humanistic Healthcare and Communication [AH WI]
(3 cr; Student Option; offered Every Spring)
Humanistic Healthcare and Communication focuses on critically therapeutic patient-provider communication. Topics surveyed include: health literacy, cultural and risk communication, health communication, narrative theory and digital medicine. These topics are brought to bear on three historical moments in the history of medicine when humanism entered or was displaced in medical practice. Students will be exposed to writings, visual arts and music created by physicians and nurses throughout history and write critical essays on these. These will prep students for the new MCAT exam. A variety of guest lecturers from the medical profession will discuss case histories that demonstrate the course themes in practice.
WRIT 3441 - Editing, Critique, and Style (Completely Online)
(3 cr; A-F only; offered Every Fall & Spring)
Equivalent courses: was RHET 3441 until 21-MAY-07
In this course, students will increase their understanding of how language works and will learn to make choices about language, style, and punctuation to create messages that are clear, concise, and useful. The course emphasizes technical communication, but the skills learned can be applied to any communication situation. Editing practice will include three levels of editing to make the documents comprehensible and useful in which students will not only polish their grammar and punctuation skills, but they will also learn how to explain and justify changes they make in documents. Topics also included in the course are editing methods for both paper and electronic copy and editing for organization and visual design.
WRIT 3562V - Honors: Technical and Professional Writing [WI]
(4 cr; A-F only; offered Every Fall)
Equivalent courses: ESPM 3604 (ending 05-SEP-06, starting 06-SEP-05, was ENR 3604 until 05-SEP-06), WRIT 3562W (starting 20-JAN-15, was RHET 3562W until 21-MAY-07, was RHET 3562 until 05-SEP-00), ESPM 5604 (ending 02-SEP-08, starting 06-SEP-05, was ENR 5604 until 05-SEP-06)
Written and oral communication in professional settings, gathering research, analyzing audience, assessing and practicing multiple genres. Draft, test, revise present findings in oral presentation. Honors section includes discussion on scholarly readings in technical and professional writing as well as a final project that must be addressed to a real-world audience.
WRIT 3562W - Technical and Professional Writing [WI]
(4 cr; A-F only; offered Every Fall, Spring & Summer)
Equivalent courses: was RHET 3562W until 21-MAY-07, was RHET 3562 until 05-SEP-00, WRIT 3562V, ESPM 3604 (ending 05-SEP-06, starting 06-SEP-05, was ENR 3604 until 05-SEP-06), ESPM 5604 (ending 02-SEP-08, starting 06-SEP-05, was ENR 5604 until 05-SEP-06)
This course introduces students to technical and professional writing through various readings and assignments in which students analyze and create texts that work to communicate complex information, solve problems, and complete tasks. Students gain knowledge of workplace genres as well as to develop skills in composing such genres. This course allows students to practice rhetorically analyzing writing situations and composing genres such as memos, proposals, instructions, research reports, and presentations. Students work in teams to develop collaborative content and to compose in a variety of modes including text, graphics, video, audio, and digital. Students also conduct both primary and secondary research and practice usability testing. The course emphasizes creating documents that are goal-driven and appropriate for a specific context and audience.
WRIT 3577W - Rhetoric, Technology, and the Internet [WI TS]
(3 cr; A-F only; offered Every Fall & Spring)
Equivalent courses: was RHET 3577W until 21-MAY-07
This course examines the rich and complex ways people are seeking to inform and persuade others via the internet. Western rhetorical theories have adapted to address spoken, written, visual, and digital communication. The internet incorporates aspects of all of these modes of communication, but it also requires us to revisit how we have understood them. Students in Rhetoric, Technology, and the Internet will reinforce their understandings of rhetorical theories and the internet as a technology. The class will also ask students to read current scholarly work about the internet, and develop the critical tools needed to complement, extend, or challenge that work.
WRIT 3671 - Visual Rhetoric and Document Design
(3 cr; A-F only; offered Every Fall & Spring)
Equivalent courses: was RHET 3671 until 21-MAY-07, was RHET 4671 until 04-SEP-01
This course approaches the challenges of document design by drawing upon principles from rhetorical theory and scholarship. In practical terms, this means that the design questions addressed in this class are understood in terms of specific audiences and specific contexts. Students in this class will pursue a blend of critical analysis ? drawing on rhetorical principles ? and document design. While Visual Rhetoric and Document Design assumes no baseline design training, class assignments will encourage students to put theory into practice and develop documents that reflect current best practices in print and digital spaces.
WRIT 3672W - Project Design and Development [WI] (Partially Online)
(3 cr; A-F or Audit; offered Every Spring)
Equivalent courses: was WRIT 3672 until 04-SEP-12, was RHET 3672 until 21-MAY-07, was RHET 4672 until 04-SEP-01
If you want to put design thinking, agile project management, teamwork, writing, research, analysis, and critical thinking on your resume, join Project Design and Development. You will study, plan, research, design, and develop technical communication materials in a design-thinking, collaborative-writing environment. You?ll work in teams to create a user manual and information graphic, promotional materials, and a social media campaign while planning and documenting your projects and productivity. You will leave the course with knowledge and skills you can put to work in any organization: small business, nonprofit, and corporate. The course develops competencies that the National Association of Colleges and Employers has named as most-valued by employers: critical thinking, written communication, collaboration, digital technology, leadership, and professionalism.
WRIT 3701W - Rhetorical Theory for Writing Studies [WI]
(3 cr; A-F only; offered Every Fall & Spring)
Equivalent courses: was RHET 3701W until 21-MAY-07, was RHET 3701 until 05-SEP-00
This course is designed to explore major issues and perspectives in rhetorical criticism, including foundational concepts from the history of rhetorical theory, elements of rhetorical studies, and methods of rhetorical analysis. Rhetoric is an art form with a diverse theoretical landscape, meaning that there is no singular, stable definition of the term; rather, rhetoric is a practice that has been used as an organizing principle for a variety of communicative acts ? written, spoken, and enacted. As such, the study of rhetorical theory and criticism begins with the understanding that human beings use language and symbols to shape our many worldviews. The skills obtained in this class will help you to understand the nature and function of the persuasive strategies that structure our everyday lives and arguments. As a writing-intensive course, you will also learn how to construct a piece of rhetorical criticism that draws upon a toolbox of ideas and methods to successfully articulate a rhetorical argument.
WRIT 3751W - Seminar: Theory and Practice of Writing Consultancy [WI]
(3 cr; Prereq-Currently working in a University writing center, instr consent; Student Option; offered Every Fall; may be repeated for 4 credits)
Equivalent courses: was ENGL 3751W until 21-MAY-07, was ENGL 3751 until 06-SEP-05, was ENGL 3607 until 03-SEP-02, was ENGC 3607 until 04-SEP-01
This course is a seminar in the theory and practice of teaching writing through one-to-one consultations. Our goal in this seminar is to develop as writers and writing consultants through investigating into, experimenting with, and reflecting upon our own literacy practices; reading carefully and discussing published research and theory as well as examples of our own and other students? writing; posing and exploring questions about writers, writing consulting, language and literacy learning, linguistic diversity, and the role of writing centers within higher education; observing, practicing, and reflecting on a variety of consulting strategies; and designing, conducting, and presenting our own writing center inquiry projects. Through reflective writing, in-class consultations, class discussions, and collaborative activities, we will learn together many approaches for conducting one-to-one conferences and for coaching students in their development as writers.
WRIT 3896 - Internship in Technical Writing and Communication
(3 cr; Prereq-Writ 3562W and 24 credits completed in the Technical Writing & Communication major; A-F only; offered Every Fall, Spring & Summer; may be repeated for 6 credits; may be repeated 2 times)
Equivalent courses: was WRIT 4196 until 22-JAN-19, was RHET 4196 until 21-MAY-07
This is an online course for students who are working in an approved internship in the field of technical communication. Students have the opportunity to apply the skills they have learned in the TWC major in a real-world situation. In the course, students are required to read materials, to submit bi-weekly progress reports on their position to an online forum, and respond to other students. Students are also asked to post examples of their projects and to rate their skills using the CLA Competencies and Rate Tool. The final project in the course is a 10-12 page final report that involves submitting a draft and meeting with the instructor.
WRIT 3993 - Directed Study
(1 cr [max 4]; Prereq-instr consent, dept consent, college consent; Student Option; offered Every Fall, Spring & Summer; may be repeated for 8 credits; may be repeated 2 times)
Supervised reading/research on topics not covered in regularly scheduled offerings. Intended primarily for upper division undergraduate students.
WRIT 4431W - Science, Technology, and the Law [WI CIV]
(3 cr; A-F only; offered Periodic Fall & Spring)
Equivalent courses: was WRIT 4431 until 28-MAY-13, was RHET 4431 until 21-MAY-07
In this course students explore the effects of scientific and technological development on the law?and the effects of the law on scientific and technological development. In particular, students will read and discuss government regulation, constitutional guidelines and rights, and federal and state court precedents regarding privacy, intellectual property (patients and copyright), and health law. Specific topics include the following: Search warrants and Four Amendment rights, electronic surveillance law, national security and foreign intelligence, copyright and fair use, citizens? access to creative works, informed consent, medical expert testimony in the courtroom, and the right to medical treatment. Students will have the opportunity to express their opinions and display their analytical skills in three take-home essay exams. Students from all majors are welcome, including those students interested in law school.
WRIT 4501 - Usability and Human Factors in Technical Communication
(3 cr; A-F only; offered Every Fall & Spring)
Equivalent courses: was RHET 4501 until 21-MAY-07, WRIT 5501
Usability is concerned with how people interact with design and technology; usability is commonly known as the "ease of use" of products and technologies by a range of users. This course emphasizes usability and user research and will explore the intersection of usability and technical communication. We will investigate definitions of usability and user-centered design principles, and we will explore a variety of usability research methods including heuristic evaluation, personas, and usability testing. The course will focus heavily on usability testing of web sites, a common technical communication task that involves observation and interviews of human participants interacting with a web site.
WRIT 4562 - International Professional Communication (Completely Online)
(3 cr; A-F only; offered Periodic Fall & Spring)
Equivalent courses: was RHET 4562 until 21-MAY-07
This course prepares students to navigate the increasingly global nature of communication and the challenges and opportunities it presents. Students learn how to develop content for and work with clients and colleagues from other cultures, communicate with multicultural audiences, and collaborate in virtual global teams using multiple synchronous and asynchronous technologies. The course includes work with peers and international scholars from various parts of the world. Projects include a metaphorical comparative analysis of cultures; management (global virtual team work) of a translation project with students from another country; interviews with managers/employees in multinational corporations; and curation work with an international archive on emerging technologies.
WRIT 4573W - Writing Proposals and Grant Management [WI] (Completely Online)
(3 cr; A-F or Audit; offered Periodic Fall & Spring)
Equivalent courses: was RHET 4573W until 21-MAY-07, was RHET 4573 until 20-JAN-04
This advanced-level Writing Studies course introduces students to the activities, responsibilities, challenges, and opportunities that characterize proposals for nonprofits and/or research/business. Students analyze unique proposal writing situations, including audiences (customers, reviewers, and teammates) and resources (collaborators, templates, and time). Students practice the entire process of proposal and grant writing: 1) describing the problem in context; 2) identifying sponsors and finding a match; 3) designing, writing, revising, and completing all proposal components; 4) conceptualizing and using persuasive visual elements; and 5) presenting and responding to stakeholders and sponsors.
WRIT 4662W - Writing With Digital Technologies [WI]
(3 cr; Prereq-Jr or sr or instr consent; A-F only; offered Every Fall & Spring)
Equivalent courses: was RHET 4662W until 21-MAY-07, was RHET 5662W until 04-SEP-01, was RHET 5662 until 05-SEP-00, WRIT 5662
WRIT 4662W is an advanced level Writing Studies course that explores various digital writing technologies and provides multiple opportunities to assess writing situations and make appropriate decisions about digital form and production. Students will learn the basic building blocks of writing in Internet environments (text, sound, images, video) as well as the vocabularies, functionalities, and organizing structures of Web 2.0 environments, how these impact understanding and use of information, and how to produce these environments (i.e., multimedia internet documents) for interactivity and use. This course includes design projects and practice with apps, markup language, content management systems, video, and social media.
WRIT 4664W - Science, Medical, and Health Writing [WI]
(3 cr; A-F or Audit; offered Every Fall)
Equivalent courses: WRIT 5664 (ending 17-MAY-21, starting 27-MAY-14, was RHET 5664 until 21-MAY-07)
This course explores the theories and practices of rhetoric and writing in science, medicine, and health (SMH). Students learn about genres of SMH communication including regulatory documents from the FDA, podcasts created by scientists for the public, patient blogs, and published research articles. The course also engages topics including accessibility, writing in regulated environments, writing for complex audiences, and engaging biomedical and scientific research in writing. Students are challenged to consider how language, science, biomedicine, and health intersect and how different stakeholders such as patients, healthcare providers, scientists, government officials, and insurance companies engage in SMH communication.
WRIT 4999 - Technical Writing and Communication Capstone
(3 cr; A-F only; offered Every Fall)
Equivalent courses: WRIT 4999H, WRIT 4995 (inactive, starting 08-SEP-15), WRIT 4995H (inactive)
The Senior Capstone course is a culminating experience for all Technical Writing and Communication majors. This course is designed to facilitate individualized student projects that combine previous knowledge, skills, and experiences developed as a TWC major into a senior project. Specifically, students will design and carry out a project of their own design under the guidance of the instructor. Students taking this course should have completed the majority of the TWC core requirements. It is recommended students take it the last semester of their senior year.
WRIT 4999H - Technical Writing and Communication Honors Capstone
(3 cr; A-F only; offered Every Fall)
Equivalent courses: WRIT 4999, WRIT 4995 (inactive, starting 08-SEP-15), WRIT 4995H (inactive)
The senior capstone course is a culminating experience for all Technical Writing and Communication majors. This course is designed to facilitate individualized student projects that combine previous knowledge, skills, and experiences developed as a TWC major into a senior project. Specifically, students will design and carry out a project of their own design under the guidance of the instructor. Completing the honors thesis is a year long effort. Students graduating with Latin Honors should enroll in Writ 4999H during the first semester of their senior year. Students may register for 1 credit in WRIT 3993 their second semester. Students not graduating with Latin Honors should register for Writ 4999.
WRIT 5001 - Foundations and Futures of Technical Communication (Completely Online)
(3 cr; A-F only; offered Every Fall)
Equivalent courses: was RHET 5001 until 21-MAY-07
This course offers an overview of the field of technical communication. Students learn about the history of the field including job titles, industries that hire technical communicators, and trends in the field. Students also learn about research methods (including audience analysis and usability testing); software and apps commonly used in technical communication; social issues in technical communication (including legal, ethical, and organizational); and international issues (including writing for regulated environments such as in the medical device industry). Projects are multi-modal and include written reports; slide presentations with and without voice recordings; visual communication including user documentation and movies. Some projects are done individually but most are done in virtual teams. Weekly discussion forums provide students with opportunities to lead and summarize key themes from each week?s topic. Students in this class participate within a community of technical communication professionals and typically have a background in technical communication, medical/science communication, engineering, software, usability, customer support, writing and communication, marketing, or similar area.
WRIT 5051 - Graduate Research Writing for International Students
(3 cr; Prereq-Grad student; Student Option; offered Every Fall, Spring & Summer)
Equivalent courses: was ENGC 5051 until 21-MAY-07
Graduate research writing emphasizes writing techniques, structures, style, and formal language for scholarly writing including research proposals and abstracts, critiques/reviews, and thesis/dissertations and publications. Special focus on field-specific scholarly expectations, documentation, structure/style, grammar, formal or scholarly vocabulary, and extensive revising/editing based on instructor and mentor feedback to meet graduate standards. Discussions.
WRIT 5052 - Graduate Research Presentations and Conference Writing for Non-Native Speakers of English
(3 cr; Prereq-[Grad student, non-native speaker of English] or instr consent; Student Option; offered Every Fall & Spring)
Equivalent courses: was ENGC 5052 until 21-MAY-07
Practice in writing/presenting graduate-level research for conferences or professional seminars. Delivery of professional academic presentations to U.S. audiences. Conference abstract, paper, and poster presentation. Communication in research process. Students select topics from their own research/studies. Format, style, transitions, topic narrowing, non-verbal presentation skills.
WRIT 5112 - Information Design: Theory and Practice (Primarily Online)
(3 cr; A-F or Audit; offered Every Spring)
Equivalent courses: was RHET 5112 until 21-MAY-07
This course examines how verbal, visual, and multimedia content can be designed and combined to create meaning, improve comprehension, and make information more usable. Emphasis is placed on the rhetorical roles of visual elements in print and digital communications, and how technical communicators can use visual means to reach audiences, convey information, and achieve rhetorical goals. Students read and discuss theory, practice information design skills, and apply both to real communications projects suitable for inclusion in a professional portfolio. Projects focus on print and web content design and development; the information design process (plan, design, develop, layout, testing); project planning toward deliverables (web sites, signage, wayfinding); and universal design (color, symbols, etc.)
WRIT 5196 - Internship in Scientific and Technical Communication (independent study)
(3 cr [max 6]; S-N or Audit; offered Every Fall, Spring & Summer; may be repeated for 6 credits)
Equivalent courses: was RHET 5196 until 21-MAY-07
Internship sites may include the University, industry, or government agencies. An internship proposal, progress report, internship journal (optional), and final report with a letter from the internship supervisor are required.
WRIT 5270 - Special Topics (Topics course)
(3 cr; Student Option; offered Periodic Fall & Spring; may be repeated for 9 credits; may be repeated 3 times)
Equivalent courses: was RHET 5270 until 21-MAY-07
Topics specified in Class Schedule.
WRIT 5291 - Independent Study, Reading, and Research
(1 cr [max 3]; Prereq-instr consent, dept consent; Student Option; offered Every Fall, Spring & Summer; may be repeated for 3 credits; may be repeated 2 times)
Equivalent courses: was RHET 5291 until 21-MAY-07
Supervised reading/research on advanced projects not covered in regularly scheduled offerings.
WRIT 5501 - Usability and Human Factors in Technical Communication
(3 cr; A-F only; offered Every Spring)
Equivalent courses: WRIT 4501 (starting 16-JAN-18, was RHET 4501 until 21-MAY-07)
Usability is concerned with how people interact with design and technology; usability is commonly known as the "ease of use" of products and technologies by a range of users. This course emphasizes usability and user research and will explore the intersection of usability and technical communication. We will investigate definitions of usability and user-centered design principles, and we will explore a variety of usability research methods including heuristic evaluation, personas, and usability testing. The course will focus heavily on usability testing of web sites, a common technical communication task that involves observation and interviews of human participants interacting with a web site.
WRIT 5531 - Introduction to Writing Theory and Pedagogies
(3 cr; Prereq-Grad student; A-F or Audit; offered Every Fall)
Equivalent courses: was RHET 5531 until 21-MAY-07
This course explores the nexus of theory and practice in terms of writing instruction and of technical writing and communication to help students identify their pedagogical positions and concrete practices. Designed as a collaborative, exploratory space for a community of teacher-scholars, it approaches the teaching of writing as a process that is both practiced and studied, is aided by reflection with others, and requires ongoing revision. Course texts address the scholarship of Composition, Rhetoric, and Technical Writing. Students put these texts in dialog, including with the ?texts? of their classrooms, to examine and reflect on their teaching practices. The course centers acts of engagement and reflection and emphasizes pedagogical inquiry. Students learn to: place a range of theories on writing instruction in conversation with their teaching; reflect on classroom practices and pedagogical theories; articulate individual philosophies of teaching; explore pedagogical issues of personal interest; foster pedagogical ?habits of mind? that serve students in classrooms at the UMN and beyond; and contribute to an active, supportive, and collaborative teaching community.
WRIT 5532 - Practicum in Writing Pedagogies
(1 cr; S-N only; offered Every Spring; may be repeated for 3 credits; may be repeated 3 times)
Equivalent courses: was RHET 5532 until 21-MAY-07
WRIT 5532 is designed to be a collaborative, developmental, and exploratory space for new graduate instructors in the First Year Writing (FYW) program. Students will engage texts and podcasts, as well as their experience teaching WRIT1301 as we focus on: -How do people learn, how do they learn writing, and how can instructors teach writing based on those understandings? -How can instructors design environments, materials, and practices that equitably help students learn about writing and develop as writers? Class discussions and assignments also invite students to identify and address challenges, tensions, and pedagogical issues of personal interest; to develop habits of mind that will serve them in other classrooms in their teaching careers; and to articulate the classroom practices and pedagogies informing their teaching philosophies. Course meetings/structure: hybrid, students will meet in person, 1:1 with instructor, and complete guided and supported asynchronous work.
WRIT 5561 - Editing and Style for Technical Communicators (Completely Online)
(3 cr; A-F only; offered Every Summer)
Equivalent courses: was WRIT 4561 until 26-MAY-09, was RHET 4561 until 21-MAY-07
In this course, students learn strategies for editing and revising writing for technical and non-technical audiences. Students practice three levels of editing skills: proofreading, copyediting, and comprehensive editing. Strategies include advanced grammar and style, editing tools, quantitative data, global documents, and various style guides. Students also examine an editor?s role with authors, in organizations, in global contexts, and in ethical situations. Editing projects focus on the three levels of editing, using proficient methods, collaborating between authors and editors, identifying audience and contexts, editing documents according to style guides, and using rhetorical principles to analyze and edit final documents.
WRIT 5570 - Minnesota Writing Project Directed Studies (independent study)
(1 cr [max 3]; A-F or Audit; offered Every Summer; may be repeated for 9 credits; may be repeated 3 times)
Equivalent courses: was ENGW 5570 until 27-MAY-08
Guided individual research into current theories/practices of writing and writing pedagogy.
WRIT 5662 - Writing With Digital Technologies
(3 cr; A-F only; offered Every Fall)
Equivalent courses: WRIT 4662W (starting 06-SEP-16, was RHET 4662W until 21-MAY-07, was RHET 5662W until 04-SEP-01, was RHET 5662 until 05-SEP-00)
This course explores current and emerging digital writing technologies and teaches students to assess writing situations and make appropriate decisions about digital form, production, and scholarship. Students learn the basic building blocks of writing in Internet environments (text, sound, images, video, interactivity); the vocabularies, functionalities, and organizing structures of Web 2.0 environments and how each impacts understanding and use of information; and how to produce Web 2.0 environments (i.e., multimedia internet documents) that facilitate interactivity and use. This course includes design projects and practice with apps, markup language (html and xml), and content management systems.
WRIT 5664 - Science, Medical, and Health Writing
(3 cr; A-F or Audit; offered Every Fall)
Equivalent courses: was RHET 5664 until 21-MAY-07
This course explores the theories and practices of rhetoric and writing in science, medicine, and health (SMH). Students learn about genres of SMH communication including regulatory documents from the FDA, podcasts created by scientists for the public, patient blogs, and published research articles. The course also engages topics including accessibility, writing in regulated environments, writing for complex audiences, and engaging biomedical and scientific research in writing. Students are challenged to consider how language, science, biomedicine, and health intersect and how different stakeholders such as patients, healthcare providers, scientists, government officials, and insurance companies engage in SMH communication.
WRIT 5671 - Visual Rhetoric
(3 cr; A-F only; offered Periodic Spring)
Equivalent courses: was RHET 5671 until 21-MAY-07
This course investigates current understandings of how visuals participate in and extend the rhetorical strategies long associated with speech and writing. Students explore developments in the discipline of visual rhetoric by engaging with an emerging canon of texts that survey the work of rhetoricians, graphic designers, graphic novelists, commercial artists, fine artists, and technical communicators. Emphasis is placed on the use of visuals in science and technology; identifying shared principles of persuasion through visual information; developing the vocabulary to comment on, critique, and create visuals; and assessing whether visuals meet the needs of intended audiences.
WRIT 5775 - Rhetorical Traditions: Classical Period
(3 cr; A-F or Audit; offered Fall Odd Year)
Equivalent courses: was RHET 5775 until 21-MAY-07
This course provides an intensive survey of rhetoric as understood and practiced in ancient Greece and Rome, and serves as an introduction to graduate-level study of historical rhetoric more generally. The course attends to the development of the discipline of rhetoric in the Classical world and to the recurring themes that constitute "the rhetorical tradition." Class discussions and assignments assess the epistemological foundations, ethical status, and socio-political importance of ancient rhetorical training and discourse. Primary readings (in English) include works by sophists and orators of the Greek Classical period, Isocrates, Plato, Aristotle, Cicero, Quintilian, and others. Secondary readings and class discussion will consider political, cultural, and philosophical contexts for ancient rhetorical theory, oratorial practice, and the teaching of speech and writing. This course will prepare graduate students for preliminary exams, research, and pedagogical encounters in rhetoric.
WRIT 5776 - The Rhetorical Traditions: Modern Era
(3 cr; A-F or Audit; offered Fall Even Year)
Equivalent courses: was RHET 5776 until 21-MAY-07, COMM 5611 (starting 07-SEP-10, was SPCH 5611 until 03-SEP-02)
This course is designed to acquaint graduate students with different traditions of rhetorical theory. It surveys a range of rhetorical tools/methods, and sets out to assist students to find a clear purpose for using rhetorical theory and to develop a structured approach to their objects of criticism. It prioritizes Black, Indigenous, transnational, and anti-racist approaches to rhetoric, and situates those as foundational to the traditions of such theoretical traditions as semiotics, deconstruction, genealogy, affect theory, assemblage theory, and psychoanalysis. It is intended to prepare students for comprehensive exams, conference presentations, and pedagogical encounters with rhetoric.
WRIT 8011 - Research Methods in Writing Studies and Technical Communication
(3 cr; A-F or Audit; offered Spring Odd Year)
Equivalent courses: was RHET 8011 until 21-MAY-07
The primary objectives of this course are to provide students in the rhetoric and scientific & technical communication (RSTC) MA and PhD programs with an understanding of research literature and approaches in the field and help students gain insights into the arguments made by researchers. This course trains students in strategies for designing and developing their own research, and provides a groundwork in the field's most common approaches to gathering and analyzing data. Students also learn about the research of the RSTC graduate faculty and PhD alumni and complete a University-based course for ethics in human participants research. Upon completion of the course, students should be able to create a persuasive research proposal and justify the means of data collection, analysis, theory, and positioning of the project.
WRIT 8012 - Applied Research Methods in Writing Studies and Technical Communication
(3 cr; Prereq-[grad student] or instr consent; A-F or Audit; offered Every Fall & Spring; may be repeated for 6 credits; may be repeated 2 times)
Equivalent courses: was RHET 8012 until 21-MAY-07
Introduction to one or two quantitative or qualitative research methods in scientific/technical communication or rhetoric (e.g., ethnography, case studies, discourse analysis).
WRIT 8333 - FTE: Master's
(1 cr; Prereq-Master's student, adviser and DGS consent; No Grade Associated; offered Every Fall, Spring & Summer; 6 academic progress units; 6 financial aid progress units)
Equivalent courses: was RHET 8333 until 21-MAY-07
(No description)
WRIT 8444 - FTE: Doctoral
(1 cr; Prereq-Doctoral student, adviser and DGS consent; No Grade Associated; offered Every Fall, Spring & Summer; 6 academic progress units; 6 financial aid progress units; may be repeated for 10 credits; may be repeated 10 times)
Equivalent courses: was RHET 8444 until 21-MAY-07
(No description)
WRIT 8505 - Professional Practice
(3 cr; S-N only; offered Every Spring)
Equivalent courses: was RHET 8505 until 21-MAY-07
This course is designed to provide a class structure to assist graduate students in completing writing requirements and oral presentations associated with professional projects -- research, scientific writing, and associated reports -- as part of their graduate programs. Learning outcomes include the following: to foster advanced skills in writing and editing scientific and/or technical documents for various audiences; to design and develop research reports and related documents for graduate programs in scientific and technical communication and other technical disciplines; to understand and apply theoretical and research perspectives in scientific and technical communication to professional practice projects; to expand use of online tools for project development and management and data analysis; to enhance skills in oral presentation of scientific and/or technical research information; and to identify and reflect on the culture and value of professional practice from a disciplinary perspective.
WRIT 8510 - Seminar in Rhetoric (Topics course)
(3 cr; A-F or Audit; offered Periodic Fall & Spring; may be repeated for 12 credits; may be repeated 4 times)
Equivalent courses: was RHET 8510 until 21-MAY-07
Topics may include theories, history, criticism, major figures, movements, visual or material rhetoric. Topics vary. See the Class Schedule.
WRIT 8520 - Seminar in Scientific and Technical Communication (Topics course)
(3 cr; A-F or Audit; offered Periodic Fall & Spring; may be repeated for 12 credits; may be repeated 4 times)
Equivalent courses: was RHET 8520 until 21-MAY-07
Topics may include theories, landmark studies, history, gender, ethics. Topics vary. See the Class Schedule.
WRIT 8540 - Seminar in Technical Communication and Composition Pedagogies (Topics course)
(3 cr; A-F or Audit; offered Periodic Fall & Spring; may be repeated for 12 credits; may be repeated 4 times)
Equivalent courses: was RHET 8540 until 21-MAY-07
Topics may include theories of pedagogy or research studies that inform the classroom or workplace, social and ethical concerns, landmark studies, current controversies. Topics vary. See the Class Schedule.
WRIT 8550 - Seminar in Technology, Culture, and Communication (Topics course)
(3 cr; A-F or Audit; offered Periodic Fall & Spring; may be repeated for 12 credits; may be repeated 4 times)
Equivalent courses: was RHET 8550 until 21-MAY-07
Topics may include computer-mediated communication, democracy/technology, controversies over digital communication, privacy/ethical issues, feminist theory and interactions of gender with science and technology, communication in legal or medical settings. Topics vary. See the Class Schedule.
WRIT 8560 - Seminar in Writing Studies (Topics course)
(3 cr; A-F or Audit; offered Periodic Fall & Spring; may be repeated for 12 credits; may be repeated 4 times)
Topics may include literacy, genre, history of writing, narrative theory and practice, writing as textual practice. Topics vary. See the Class Schedule.
WRIT 8666 - Doctoral Pre-Thesis Credits
(1 cr [max 6]; Prereq-Doctoral student who has not passed prelim oral; no required consent for 1st/2nd registrations, up to 12 combined cr; dept consent for 3rd/4th registrations, up to 24 combined cr; doctoral student admitted before summer 2007 may register up to four times, up to 60 combined cr; No Grade Associated; offered Every Fall, Spring & Summer; may be repeated for 12 credits; may be repeated 2 times)
Equivalent courses: was RHET 8666 until 21-MAY-07
Doctoral Pre-Thesis Credits
WRIT 8792 - Independent Study, Reading, and Research (independent study)
(1 cr [max 4]; Prereq-instr consent; S-N only; offered Every Fall, Spring & Summer; may be repeated for 12 credits; may be repeated 12 times)
Equivalent courses: was RHET 8792 until 21-MAY-07
Supervised study, reading, or research on projects not covered in regularly scheduled offerings.
WRIT 8794 - Directed Research
(1 cr [max 4]; Prereq-instr consent; S-N only; offered Every Fall, Spring & Summer; may be repeated for 12 credits; may be repeated 12 times)
Equivalent courses: was RHET 8794 until 21-MAY-07
Supervised research project.
WRIT 8888 - Thesis Credit: Doctoral
(1 cr [max 24]; Prereq-Max 18 cr per semester or summer; 24 cr required; No Grade Associated; offered Every Fall, Spring & Summer; may be repeated for 100 credits; may be repeated 10 times)
Equivalent courses: was RHET 8888 until 21-MAY-07
(No description)

Please report problems with this form to the webmaster.


This software is free and available under the GNU GPL.
© 2000 and later T. W. Shield