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Entomology (ENT) Courses

Academic Unit: Entomology

ENT 1001 - How Insects Shape Society: Pollinators, Pests, and Policy [CIV]
(3 cr; A-F only; offered Every Fall)
Do you eat genetically modified foods, or do you avoid them? Vaccinate, or do not vaccinate? Did you know these are in part insect related questions? Insects make up more than half of the living organisms on this planet, and they have had a profound impact in shaping human society and culture. Even so, insects are swatted, stomped, squished, and otherwise misunderstood. In this course students will explore the complex, and often uncomfortable, relationships between insects and humans and explore the ethical dilemmas posed by our close relationships with the insect world. Ultimately this course examines the interactions between insects and humans, focusing on contemporary topics that explore how insects dictate human actions, policies, and behaviors. Topics include: human perception of insects; basic concepts in insect biology and behavior; environmental and cultural importance of insects; the role of insect pests in determining human food choice; insect vectors and disease transmission; perception and awareness about humanity?s role in nature.
ENT 1004 - The Insects
(3 cr; A-F only; offered Every Fall & Spring)
Equivalent courses: ENT 1005 (starting 18-JAN-11)
Insects represent one of the most abundant and diverse life forms on Earth, and their environmental importance is displayed across both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Beyond environmental importance, insects shape human society through their impact on our health, the pollination of our food crops, and damage to our commodities and homes. Insect Biology is an introductory entomology course on the biology and ecology of insects, their classification, and their interactions with the environment and human society. This course will provide background on insect diversity and physiology, while providing insight into how scientists examine the roles of insects in medicine, agriculture, advances in genetics, and ecology. These topics will provide fundamental biological knowledge needed to make informed decisions about insect-related topics in a global society.
ENT 1005 - Insect Biology with Lab [BIOL]
(4 cr; A-F only; offered Every Fall & Spring)
Equivalent courses: ENT 1004
Insects represent one of the most abundant and diverse life forms on Earth, and their environmental importance is displayed across both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Beyond environmental importance, insects shape human society through their impact on our health, the pollination of our food crops, and damage to our commodities and homes. Insect Biology is an introductory entomology course on the biology and ecology of insects, their classification, and their interactions with the environment and human society. This course will provide background on insect diversity and physiology while providing insight into how scientists examine the roles of insects in medicine, agriculture, advances in genetics, and ecology. These topics will provide fundamental biological knowledge needed to make informed decisions about insect-related topics in a global society.
ENT 1021 - An Introduction to Forensic Entomology
(3 cr; A-F only; offered Every Spring)
What can maggots and beetles collected at a crime scene tell investigators about the body? Often, insect evidence collected at the scene of a crime can help experts make a variety of conclusions, such as time of death and whether or not the body has been moved from the original crime scene. In this seminar, students will explore how insect evidence can be used in various ways in the field of forensic science. This class will discuss the scientific approaches and techniques involved in forensic entomological analysis. Topics will include, but are not limited to, the different insects found in decomposing bodies, how insect development time can be affected by factors like the weather or body placement, and how insect evidence can be useful to both crime scene investigators and medical examiners.
ENT 1903 - Toxins, venoms, and drugs from bugs
(1 cr; Student Option; offered Periodic Fall)
Insects and other invertebrates represent a rich and relatively unexplored source of bioactive agents that can be developed using modern molecular technologies for potential therapeutic applications. Insect products have been used in medical applications since prehistoric times. Honey and spider silk have antibiotic properties that facilitate wound healing. Maggot therapy is increasingly used for treatment of intractable wounds. Cordycepin comes from a fungus that infects a caterpillar. Margatoxin, produced by a scorpion, has been patented for its potential to block occlusion of bypass grafts in heart surgery. This course will explore the biological effects and molecular biology of arthropod toxins and venoms with a focus on recent and emerging applications to human therapies. This is a freshman seminar course/for freshman only.
ENT 1906 - Magnificent, Miniature Minds: From Dancing Honeybees to Cyborgs
(3 cr; A-F only; offered Periodic Fall)
Did you know that honeybees can be trained to recognize human faces or that desert ants can count their steps while walking? Have you ever thought about how an octopus "knows" how to match its body coloration to its marine environment and a monarch butterfly can find its over-wintering site located thousands of miles away? These are just a few examples of the extraordinary abilities that invertebrate animals display, reflecting the mighty power of their miniature brains and nervous systems. In this course, we will discuss the fascinating behaviors of animals with miniature brains and how their numerally-limited nervous systems enable them to do what they do. We will also explore how a deeper understanding of small-brain networks can inform us about how our own brains work, and how such knowledge can be used to engineer adaptive robots, cyborgs and smart machines. This course is designed to be integrative including disciplines intersecting with animal behavior, entomology, evolution, ecology, neuroscience, psychology, and bioengineering. A major goal of this course is to widen ones view of the importance of invertebrate animals in the field of neuroscience and gain an appreciation of the translational impact that this knowledge can have and will continue to have on our society and daily lives. Students will also be introduced to basic concepts in neurobiology and learn how small neural networks operate. This is a freshman seminar course/for freshman only.
ENT 1909 - Got Bees? Declines and Conservation of Honey bees and Native bees [ENV]
(3 cr; A-F only; offered Periodic Fall)
Humans are largely aware that bees are declining globally, due in large part to human land use, agricultural practices, and the changing climate. The loss of insect pollinators, including native and honeybees, presents a grand challenge that will have cascading effects throughout ecological systems and human food crop systems. Preservation of pollination services is not only an environmental issue, it is also an important challenge facing our society and world. How we, as a society, choose to address this problem will reflect on how we value the environment and the services it provides. This course is designed to reflect on the shared sense of responsibility for building a community that will address this issue. Intended audience: Undergraduates who may or may not be majoring within the sciences. Students interested in how humans interact with the environment and how the choices we make as a society impact environmental processes. No prerequisite courses required. This is a freshman seminar course/for freshman only.
ENT 2575 - Miniature livestock: Insects in commerce, trade, and biotechnology
(3 cr; Student Option; offered Periodic Fall & Spring)
A surprising number of insects and their relatives contribute to human happiness and well-being; some, like the commercial silkmoth, have been domesticated by humans for thousands of years. Managed insects and their products, such as silks and dyes, have taken their place in world trade; some insects continue to provide high quality products, and are finding new applications through developments in biotechnology and medicine. Still others are emerging sources of new molecules with therapeutic value. Insect products are used in cosmetics and confectionaries; without a small poorly-known fly, we would not have chocolate. Use of honeybees for pollination on a commercial scale is well-known. On a smaller scale, insects are produced commercially as biological control agents, and genetically manipulated insects contribute to control of human diseases. Some species provide food for humans; many more provide food for the pet industry. Others delight us in butterfly gardens, where easily reared species, some exotic, are released in enclosures. This course will explore the biology of domesticated insects maintained in managed environments, with emphasis on species that have been cultured by humans for commercial products, pest control, and potential genetic engineering to reduce vector-borne disease. These are the miniature livestock of this course.
ENT 2884 - The Six-legged Conquerors: How insects have shaped human history [HIS]
(3 cr; A-F or Audit; offered Every Spring)
Insects have had an immense yet underappreciated impact on the course of human history and civilization. Through their effects as carriers of disease, insects have decided the outcomes of numerous battles and wars, often causing many more deaths than weapons did. On the other hand, beneficial insects have made important contributions to the development of many industries, in particular related to textiles and agriculture, and they also serve as important sources of food in many cultures. Because of their varied and important roles in human life and well-being, insects feature prominently in sacred texts and have thus influenced spiritual and religious thought through the ages. And from Greek times until the present, insects have contributed greatly to the development of scientific thought. Many of the great naturalists throughout history ? from Aristotle to Darwin to EO Wilson ? have had an inordinate fascination with insects. In the second half of the 20th century and beyond, insects sparked the environmental movement, serve as models for innovating technologies such as robots, and continue to shape our lives in fascinating, challenging and novel ways. In this class we will discuss the major ways in which the fates of humans and insects have been intertwined over the course of human history. Throughout the class we focus on ways that historical inquiry can be used to elucidate entomological questions and, conversely, how entomological knowledge can be brought to bear to solve historical mysteries.
ENT 3021 - Insect Biodiversity and Evolution
(4 cr; A-F only; offered Every Fall)
Equivalent courses: ENT 5021 (starting 20-JAN-15)
Insects are the most diverse group of organisms on Earth with almost 1 million described species. Millions more remain to be described, especially in tropical regions of the world. Insects come in a remarkable array of sizes, colors, and shapes. Taxonomists use this morphological complexity as the primary means of identifying insects but also for inferring evolutionary relationships. In this course, we will learn how to identify insects, explore methods of collection and curation of insects, discuss their evolutionary relationships, see how insects fit in the natural world, and discuss exciting new efforts to inventory, describe, and conserve the remarkable diversity of insects.
ENT 3025 - Pesticides: Miracle Products or Technological Nightmares?
(3 cr; A-F only; offered Periodic Fall & Spring)
The world has been in conflict long before human society evolved, as some organisms develop chemical defensive measures to create growing space or avoid becoming prey. As tool users, humans begin to use variety of chemicals for their own benefit, resulting in pesticides to protect to crops, human health, and items of value. However, with the development of pesticides, problems begin to ?crop-up?, be it environmental or human health. Over the years, problems encountered with pesticide use and the continued development of pesticides has resulted in a complex mixture of environmental activism, legislation, pesticide science and product development, and societal worry. There are hundreds of reasons for using pesticides and there are hundreds of reasons for not using pesticides. Following historical development of pesticides and the drivers of such development, not to mention the problems created, students can begin to understand pesticides as a complex technological and environmental issue that has implications for future societal sustainability as the human population exceeds 8 billion people. No required prerequisites.
ENT 3211 - Insect Pest Management
(3 cr; A-F only; offered Every Spring)
Equivalent courses: ENT 5211 (starting 22-JAN-19)
Management of Insect Pests is designed for upper division undergraduates in any major or minor. The course will emphasize principles of insect pest management and draw from examples related to agricultural, horticultural and landscape and urban systems. Conventional (nonorganic) and organic approaches, the use of social media and modern technology, and economic, environmental and social consequences of diverse tactics (chemical, cultural, biological, genetic, etc.) will be covered by the Instructor and, on occasion, by guest lecturers. Student debates on pesticide-pollinator and genetic engineering issues will provide real-world context and insights on complexities of insect pest prevention and management.
ENT 3275 - Insect-transmitted diseases of humans
(3 cr; Student Option; offered Every Spring)
Equivalent courses: ENT 5275 (starting 22-JAN-19)
What?s so attractive about human blood? How have human interactions with insects evolved? Insects and ticks transmit viral, bacterial, protozoan, and filarial diseases to humans, particularly in tropical countries. Zika, most recently, and also dengue and other mosquito-borne viruses pose an emerging challenge in the southern US as climate change increases the range of important vector species. Lyme disease and other tick-borne diseases are increasing in the US and pose challenges in diagnosis and treatment. This course covers contemporary topics in "Medical Entomology" that will provide an overview of arthropod-borne disease and its impacts on global health from the perspective of insect vectors and microbial pathogens. Students will explore historical, contemporary, and epidemiologic stories demonstrating exposure and control strategies via lecture, student discussions, laboratory demonstrations, and critical review of current best practices in medical entomology. This course is designed for upper division undergraduate and graduate students in any major or minor.
ENT 3294 - Directed Research in Entomology
(1 cr [max 4]; Prereq-department consent, instructor consent, no more than 6 credits of directed research counts towards CFANS major requirements. ; Student Option; offered Every Fall, Spring & Summer; may be repeated for 6 credits; may be repeated 6 times)
An opportunity in which a student designs and carries out a directed research project under the direction of a faculty member. Directed research may be taken for variable credit and special permission is needed for enrollment. Students enrolling in a directed research course will be required to use the University-wide online directed research contract process in order to enroll.
ENT 3333 - Insects, Microbes and Plants [TS]
(3 cr; A-F only; offered Every Fall; may be repeated for 6 credits; may be repeated 2 times)
Equivalent courses: was CFAN 2333 until 05-SEP-23, was CFAN 3333 until 06-SEP-16
Fundamental concepts of ecology/evolution to address challenges in managing insects/microbes. Grapple with real problems/debate current controversies.
ENT 3341 - Biological control of insect pests and weeds
(3 cr; A-F or Audit; offered Fall Odd Year)
Equivalent courses: ENT 5341 (starting 20-JAN-15)
Biological control is the suppression of pests and weeds using living organisms. It involves fascinating interactions between organisms such as plants and herbivores, and insects and the predators and parasitoids that attack them. These interactions can provide spectacular protection from invasive species, but risks to the environment are possible as well, so biological control interventions must be undertaken with great care. We will explore these interactions and interventions in depth in this class.
ENT 3927 - Data Management for Biologists
(2 cr; A-F only; offered Periodic Fall & Spring)
Equivalent courses: ENT 5927
This course is focused on providing hands-on experience in organizing, managing, curating, and accessing data. Students will encounter the data life cycle from generation to preservation. Students will be expected to complete assignments using their own data or other available datasets. It is a topic-driven weekly seminar (12 sessions at ~2h each), combining small amounts of lecture with problem solving and hands-on exercises. The course is taught for the requisite number of hours for a 2-credit, semester long course. For each week we will have short lectures followed by hands-on activities. The longer course sessions (~120 minutes per week in class vs. 100 minutes) also allow the course to end two weeks early so students can begin or prepare for their field seasons if necessary.
ENT 4001 - Agroecology and Insect Pests
(3 cr; A-F or Audit; offered Every Fall)
This is a fully online 3 credit course. Through lectures, readings, and discussion, students will gain understanding of the ecological basis of various pest management tactics and learn to evaluate the biological and economic sustainability of pest management systems. prerec: General Biology (BIOL 1009) or equivalent. A course or experience in insect biology will be useful but is not required.
ENT 4021 - Honey Bees and Insect Societies
(3 cr; Prereq-Biol 1009 or instr consent; Student Option; offered Fall Odd Year)
Natural history, identification, and behavior of honey bees and other social insects. Evolution of social behavior, pheromones and communication, organization and division of labor, social parasitism. Lab with honey bee management and maintenance of other social bees for pollination.
ENT 4251 - Forest and Shade Tree Entomology
(3 cr; Student Option; offered Every Fall)
Biology, ecology, population management of forest/shade tree insects. Emphasizes predisposing factors/integrated management. Lecture/lab.
ENT 4361 - Aquatic Insects
(3 cr; Prereq-ENT 1005 or BIOL 1009 or Instructor consent; A-F or Audit; offered Periodic Fall, Spring & Summer)
Equivalent courses: was ENT 5361 until 05-SEP-23
Introduction to the classification, ecology, and identification of insects that are dependent on aquatic habitats during portions of their life cycle. The goal of the course is to provide the student with essential technical skills to perform research, using field and laboratory methods, on insect communities in aquatic ecosystems. Students will develop skills to identify insects to family without reference to taxonomic keys as a way to successfully pass the Family-Level Proficiency Certification administered by the Society for Freshwater Sciences.
ENT 5001 - Entomology Orientation
(1 cr; S-N only; offered Every Fall; may be repeated for 2 credits)
Class will comprise short lectures and visits to laboratories for first-hand exposure to entomological research at the University of Minnesota. Lectures will represent different research areas related to basic and applied entomology. Students will acquire an understanding of the diversity and significance of different areas of entomological research at the University of Minnesota. Students will also learn about techniques used by entomologists for answering questions related to insects and their associations with humans and the environment.
ENT 5011 - Insect Structure and Function
(4 cr; A-F or Audit; offered Every Spring)
Comparative study of insect structures/functions from evolutionary perspective. Introduction to physiology of digestion, respiration, and other organ systems. This course presumes previous courses in basic cell biology, evolution, and genetics.
ENT 5021 - Insect Biodiversity and Evolution
(4 cr; Student Option; offered Every Fall)
Equivalent courses: ENT 3021
Insects are the most diverse group of organisms on Earth with almost 1 million described species. Millions more remain to be described, especially in tropical regions of the world. Insects come in a remarkable array of sizes, colors, and shapes. Taxonomists use this morphological complexity as the primary means of identifying insects but also for inferring evolutionary relationships. In this course, we will learn how to identify insects, explore methods of collection and curation of insects, discuss their evolutionary relationships, see how insects fit in the natural world, and discuss exciting new efforts to inventory, describe, and conserve the remarkable diversity of insects.
ENT 5025 - Museum & Field Methods in Entomology
(2 cr; Student Option; offered Periodic Spring)
This course is designed to teach students museum and field methods in insect biodiversity studies and associated preservation, mounting, and curatorial techniques. Methods will include use of entomological nets and traps for terrestrial and aquatic species, dry and fluid preservation techniques, slide mounting, geo-reference and field data records, labeling, morphological preparation for identification, and curation of material for permanent preservation, including databasing and digital imaging of specimens. Museum policies, the role of the curator, acquisition of specimens, pest management, legal and ethical issues, collection and import/export permits, loan policies and shipping, and budgets and grants, among other topics, will also be discussed. The course is intended for students in entomology, museum studies, or any biodiversity related discipline. A previous undergraduate course in biology or entomology would be helpful, but the background information necessary to succeed in this course will be provided throughout the semester
ENT 5041 - Insect Ecology
(3 cr; Student Option; offered Fall Even Year)
Synthetic analysis of the causes of insect diversity and of fluctuations in insect abundance. Focus on abiotic, biotic, and evolutionary mechanisms influencing insect populations and communities.
ENT 5051 - Scientific Illustration of Insects
(3 cr; Student Option; offered Spring Even Year)
Techniques for preparing and observing insects for subsequent illustration. Traditional illustration techniques using the drawing tube and ocular grid on the microscope, including pencil sketching and pen and ink line drawing. Other ?traditional? rendering methods will include line and ink, stippling, cross-hatching, color illustration. Major emphasis will be in computer-assisted techniques of scientific illustration using Adobe Illustrator and Adobe Photoshop, including instruction on preparing full body, true-to-life, color illustrations of insects on the computer.
ENT 5121 - Applied Experimental Design
(4 cr; Prereq-Stat 5021 or equiv or instr consent; Student Option; offered Periodic Fall)
Equivalent courses: AGRO 5121 (starting 21-JAN-03)
Principles of sampling methodologies, experimental design, and statistical analyses. Methods/procedures in generating scientific hypotheses. Organizing, initiating, conducting, and analyzing scientific experiments using experimental designs and statistical procedures. Offered with AGRO 5121.
ENT 5126 - Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Ecological Data
(3 cr; A-F or Audit; offered Spring Even Year; may be repeated for 6 credits; may be repeated 2 times)
This course covers linear models (regression and ANOVA) and extensions to temporal data and spatial point processes, lattice/areal data, and geostatistics. The course bridges sufficient theory to understand why contending with spatiotemporal dependence is important with enough application to make students confident in their own data analyses.
ENT 5211 - Insect Pest Management
(3 cr; Student Option; offered Every Spring)
Equivalent courses: ENT 3211
Insect Pest Management is designed for graduate students in any major or minor. The course will emphasize principles of insect pest management and draw from examples related to agricultural, horticultural and landscape, and urban systems. Conventional (nonorganic) and organic approaches, the use of social media and modern technology, and economic, environmental, and social consequences of diverse tactics (chemical, cultural, biological, genetic, etc.) will be covered by the instructor and, on occasion, by guest lecturers. Student debates on pesticide-pollinator and genetic engineering issues will provide real-world context and insights on complexities of insect pest prevention and management.
ENT 5275 - Insect-transmitted diseases of humans
(3 cr; Student Option; offered Every Spring)
Equivalent courses: ENT 3275
What?s so attractive about human blood? How have human interactions with insects evolved? Insects and ticks transmit viral, bacterial, protozoan, and filarial diseases to humans, particularly in tropical countries. Zika, most recently, and also dengue and other mosquito-borne viruses pose an emerging challenge in the southern US as climate change increases the range of important vector species. Lyme disease and other tick-borne diseases are increasing in the US and pose challenges in diagnosis and treatment. This course covers contemporary topics in "Medical Entomology" that will provide an overview of arthropod-borne disease and its impacts on global health from the perspective of insect vectors and microbial pathogens. Students will explore historical, contemporary, and epidemiologic stories demonstrating exposure and control strategies via lecture, student discussions, laboratory demonstrations, and critical review of current best practices in medical entomology. This course is designed for upper division undergraduate and graduate students in any major or minor.
ENT 5341 - Biological Control of Insects and Weeds
(3 cr; A-F or Audit; offered Fall Odd Year)
Equivalent courses: ENT 3341
Biological control is the suppression of pests and weeds using living organisms. It involves fascinating interactions between organisms such as plants and herbivores, and insects and the predators and parasitoids that attack them. These interactions can provide spectacular protection from invasive species but risks to the environment are possible as well so biological control interventions must be undertaken with great care. We will explore these interactions and interventions in depth in this class. The class is online.
ENT 5481 - Invertebrate Neurobiology
(2 cr; Student Option; offered Every Spring; may be repeated for 3 credits)
The study of invertebrate animals, such as honey bees, sea slugs, and fruit flies, have been instrumental in informing us humans about how our own brains operate. In addition, the ability of some invertebrate animals to sense certain stimuli beyond what humans can detect, has enabled scientists to build smart machines and robots with extraordinary capabilities. Since 80% of the world?s species are insects, understanding the basics of how their nervous systems function will enable societies to better manage their health (e.g., helping insect pollinators) or combat their destruction (e.g., preventing locust plagues). Invertebrate Neurobiology is a course that will explore the underlying neural mechanisms that enable animals to solve or respond to particular problems encountered in their natural environments. Many of the invertebrate animals presented will not only exhibit interesting behaviors, but will reveal important and often conserved principles of neuroscience applicable to a host of animals, including us humans. This course is designed to be integrative ? including disciplines intersecting with animal behavior, entomology, evolution, ecology, neuroscience, psychology, and bioengineering. A major goal of this course is to widen one?s view of the importance of invertebrate animals in the field of neuroscience and gain an appreciation of the translational impact that this knowledge can have and will continue to have on our society and daily lives. Students will also be introduced to important concepts in neurobiology and learn how small neural networks operate.
ENT 5900 - Basic Entomology
(1 cr [max 6]; Prereq-instr consent; Student Option; offered Every Fall & Spring; may be repeated for 12 credits; may be repeated 2 times)
For graduate students who need to make up certain deficiencies in their biological science background.
ENT 5910 - Special Problems in Entomology
(1 cr [max 6]; Prereq-instr consent; Student Option; offered Every Fall & Spring; may be repeated for 10 credits; may be repeated 10 times)
Individual field, lab, or library studies in various aspects of entomology.
ENT 5920 - Special Lectures in Entomology (Topics course)
(1 cr [max 4]; S-N only; offered Every Fall & Spring; may be repeated for 12 credits; may be repeated 3 times)
Lectures or labs in special fields of entomological research. Given by visiting scholar or regular staff member.
ENT 5927 - Data Management for Biologists
(2 cr; A-F only; offered Periodic Fall & Spring)
Equivalent courses: ENT 3927
This course is focused on providing hands-on experience in organizing, managing, curating, and accessing data. It is conceived as a topic-driven weekly seminar (12 sessions at ~2h each), combining small amounts of lecture with problem solving and hands-on exercises. The course is taught for the requisite number of hours (1400) for a 2-credit course. The longer course sessions allow for short lectures followed by hands-on activities. Students will encounter the data life cycle from generation to preservation. Students will be expected to complete assignments using their own data or other available datasets.
ENT 8006 - Supervised Laboratory or Extension Teaching Experience
(1 cr [max 3]; Prereq-instr consent; S-N only; offered Every Fall, Spring & Summer; may be repeated for 3 credits; may be repeated 3 times)
Training/experience conducting lab or extension based educational activities in Entomology. Students select a faculty member to serve as their sponsor, and develop lecture outlines or instructional aids such as web sites, web-based training sites, print materials, demonstration aids, and demonstration projects. Students prepare/conduct lab or extension presentations. Overviews of web-based instructional aids.
ENT 8300 - Graduate Seminar
(1 cr [max 2]; Prereq-instr consent; S-N or Audit; offered Every Fall & Spring; may be repeated for 2 credits)
Oral and written reports on and discussion by students of selected topics from current literature.
ENT 8333 - FTE: Master's
(1 cr; Prereq-Master's student, adviser and DGS consent; No Grade Associated; offered Every Fall, Spring & Summer; 6 academic progress units; 6 financial aid progress units)
(No description)
ENT 8444 - FTE: Doctoral
(1 cr; Prereq-Doctoral student, adviser and DGS consent; No Grade Associated; offered Every Fall, Spring & Summer; 6 academic progress units; 6 financial aid progress units)
(No description)
ENT 8594 - Graduate Research in Entomology
(1 cr [max 16]; Prereq-department consent, instructor consent, no more than 6 credits of directed research counts towards CFANS major requirements.; S-N or Audit; offered Every Fall, Spring & Summer; may be repeated for 96 credits; may be repeated 6 times)
An opportunity in which a student designs and carries out a directed research project under the direction of a faculty member. Directed research may be taken for variable credit and special permission is needed for enrollment. Students enrolling in a directed research will be required to use the University-wide on-line directed research contract process in order to enroll.
ENT 8666 - Doctoral Pre-Thesis Credits
(1 cr [max 6]; Prereq-Doctoral student who has not passed prelim oral; no required consent for 1st/2nd registrations, up to 12 combined cr; dept consent for 3rd/4th registrations, up to 24 combined cr; doctoral student admitted before summer 2007 may register up to four times, up to 60 combined cr; No Grade Associated; offered Every Fall, Spring & Summer; may be repeated for 12 credits; may be repeated 2 times)
TBD
ENT 8777 - Thesis Credits: Master's
(1 cr [max 18]; Prereq-Max 18 cr per semester or summer; minimum of 10 cr required [Plan A only]; No Grade Associated; offered Every Fall, Spring & Summer; may be repeated for 50 credits; may be repeated 10 times)
(No description)
ENT 8888 - Thesis Credit: Doctoral
(1 cr [max 24]; Prereq-Max 18 cr per semester or summer; 24 cr required; No Grade Associated; offered Every Fall, Spring & Summer; may be repeated for 100 credits; may be repeated 10 times)
(No description)

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